Chronic kidney disease and its complete scenario, management of chronic kidney disease by clinical pharmacists - a prospective interventional study
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a growing epidemic worldwide. Nearly two-thirds of CKD patients have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and both comorbid conditions. Several disease management programs are developed and they implement with help of physicians, and highly trained clinical pharmacists to improve disease management and improve clinical outcomes. The goals of clinical pharmacist in the management of CKD patients by focusing on Four key areas: To obtain information about medication non-adherence, To assess the patient complications for dialysis, to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease patients, To evaluate the clinical pharmacist’s role in improving patient medication adherence, To identify the correlation between CKD and other comorbidities, To observe the drug interactions in prescribed drugs. Lack of patient knowledge on CKD disease conditions, and limited reimbursement, lack of primary care by physicians and health care professionals are all barriers that must be overcome with help of the clinical pharmacist role in the management of CKD.
Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, clinical pharmacists, medication adherence, drug interactions, complications of dialysis
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2. Tim Mathew. Chronic kidney disease management in general practice Hand book.3rd Edi.-2015; 13.
3. Jennifer RL, Van Harrison R. UMHS Chronic Kidney Disease Guideline: Guidelines on clinical care ambulatory. University of Michigan.2014; 3, 4.
4. Chisholm-Burns MA, Wells BG, Schwinghammer TL, Malone PM, Kolesar JM, Rotschafer JC, Dipiro JT, Section 4: Chapter 23.Chronic and ESRD. Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice-2008:373-401.
5. Joseph TD, Robert LT, Gary CY, Gary RM, Barbara GW, Michael LP et.al. Chapter 47, Renal disorders, Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. Mc Graw Hill Medical, 7th Edition-2008; 765.
6. Chronic kidney disease - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
7. Pathophysiology and Classification of Kidney Diseases - PMC (nih.gov)
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9. Inker LA, Astor BC, Fox CH, et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(5):713–735. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.01.416 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
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13. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Anemia Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2(4):279–335. [Google Scholar]
14. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ, et al.; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(13):877–884. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199403313301301 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
15. Menon V, Kopple JD, Wang X, et al. Effect of a very low-protein diet on outcomes: long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53 (2):208–217. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.08.009 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
16. Banerjee T, Crews DC, Wesson DE, et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance Team. High dietary acid load predicts ESRD among adults with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26(7):1693–1700. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014040332 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
17. Inker LA, Grams ME, Levey AS, et al.; CKD Prognosis Consortium. Relationship of estimated GFR and albuminuria to concurrent laboratory abnormalities: an individual participant data meta-analysis in a global consortium. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73(2):206–217. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.08.013 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
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19. Hernandez GT, Nasri H. World Kidney Day 2014: increasing awareness of chronic kidney disease and aging. J Renal Inj Prev. 2014;3(1):3–4. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20. Ritz E, Rychlik I, Locatelli F, Halimi S. End-stage renal failure in type 2 diabetes: A medical catastrophe of worldwide dimensions. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;34:795–808. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
21. Perneger TV, Brancati FL, Whelton PK, Klag MJ. End-stage renal disease attributable to diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:912. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
22. USRDS: The United States Renal Data System. Excerpts from the USRDS 2009 annual data report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;55(Suppl 1):S1. [Google Scholar]
23. Van Dijk PC, Jager KJ, Stengel B, Grönhagen-Riska C, Feest TG, Briggs JD. Renal replacement therapy for diabetic end-stage renal disease: Data from 10 registries in Europe (1991-2000) Kidney Int. 2005;67:1489. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
24. Robert C. Atkins. The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2005;67:14–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Published
26/06/2022
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D, P. P., K, J., N, P. K., M, A., & V, U. S. (2022). Chronic kidney disease and its complete scenario, management of chronic kidney disease by clinical pharmacists - a prospective interventional study. Journal of Innovations in Applied Pharmaceutical Science (JIAPS), 7(2), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.37022/jiaps.v7i2.328
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